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Structural Organisation in Animals for NEET UG

Animal bodies are built from four basic tissues. This chapter describes each one and uses the frog as a model to see how tissues form organs and organ systems.

BiologyClass 1172 MCQs2 lessons14 flashcards4 memory tricks

Practise Structural Organisation in Animals free

What you'll learn

  1. The four animal tissues
    Identify epithelial, connective, muscular and neural tissues and their types.
  2. The frog as a model organism
    Describe key features of the frog's organ systems.

Memory tricks

Epithelium shapes and where they areSquamous = floor tiles, cuboidal = dice, columnar = pillars, ciliated = little brooms.

Squamous: blood vessel walls, alveoli. Cuboidal: kidney tubules, glands. Columnar: stomach and intestine lining. Ciliated: trachea, fallopian tubes.

Tendon versus ligamentTendon ties muscle to bone; ligament links bone to bone.

Both are dense regular connective tissue. Tendons transmit muscle pull; ligaments hold joints together.

Cockroach blood has no colourSquash a cockroach in the kitchen and there's no red stain: its blood has no haemoglobin.

Haemolymph is colourless and flows in an open circulatory system. The cockroach heart has 13 chambers, and Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous waste.

Frog basicsFrog: 3-chambered heart, breathes through its skin underwater, sleeps through winter and summer.

Two atria and one ventricle; cutaneous respiration in water; ureotelic; cold-blooded, with hibernation in winter and aestivation in summer.

Try 3 NEET-style questions

Q1. Which type of epithelium lines the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes?

  1. Squamous epithelium
  2. Ciliated epithelium
  3. Compound epithelium
  4. Keratinised epithelium
Show answer

Answer: (2) Ciliated epithelium

Ciliated epithelium moves particles or mucus in a specific direction.

Q2. Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that endocrine glands

  1. release their secretions through ducts
  2. secrete saliva and earwax
  3. are made of cartilage
  4. have no ducts and secrete hormones directly into the fluid bathing the gland
Show answer

Answer: (4) have no ducts and secrete hormones directly into the fluid bathing the gland

Exocrine glands release secretions such as mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk and digestive enzymes through ducts. Endocrine glands lack ducts; their hormones go directly into the fluid bathing the gland.

Q3. The four basic types of animal tissues are

  1. xylem, phloem, parenchyma and collenchyma
  2. meristematic, permanent, simple and complex
  3. epidermal, ground, vascular and cork
  4. epithelial, connective, muscular and neural
Show answer

Answer: (4) epithelial, connective, muscular and neural

Animal tissues are broadly classified into four basic types: epithelial, connective, muscular and neural.

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More Biology chapters (Class 11)

The Living World · Biological Classification · Plant Kingdom · Animal Kingdom · Morphology of Flowering Plants · Anatomy of Flowering Plants · Cell: The Unit of Life · Biomolecules · Cell Cycle and Cell Division · Photosynthesis in Higher Plants · Respiration in Plants · Plant Growth and Development · Breathing and Exchange of Gases · Body Fluids and Circulation · Excretory Products and their Elimination · Locomotion and Movement · Neural Control and Coordination · Chemical Coordination and Integration