Anatomy of Flowering Plants for NEET UG
Anatomy looks inside the plant at its tissues. Learn the tissue types, then how they are arranged in dicot and monocot roots, stems and leaves, and how stems grow thicker.
BiologyClass 1175 MCQs2 lessons13 flashcards3 memory tricks
Practise Anatomy of Flowering Plants free
What you'll learn
- Plant tissues
Distinguish meristematic and permanent tissues, and simple and complex tissues. - Dicot vs monocot anatomy and secondary growth
Compare dicot and monocot roots and stems, and explain annual rings.
Memory tricks
Monocot stem: scattered, closed vascular bundles (no cambium). Dicot stem: bundles in a ring, open (with cambium), so it can grow thicker.
Xylem carries water and minerals upwards. Phloem carries food (sucrose) in both directions, from source to sink.
Spring (early) wood has wide vessels and is light; autumn (late) wood has narrow vessels and is dark. Each pair is one annual ring (dendrochronology).
Try 3 NEET-style questions
Q1. In roots, the protoxylem lies towards the periphery and the metaxylem towards the centre. This arrangement is called
- endarch
- exarch
- mesarch
- polyarch
Show answer
Answer: (2) exarch
When protoxylem is outside and metaxylem inside, the xylem is exarch, as in roots.
Q2. Vascular bundles in a dicot stem are
- Conjoint, collateral and open
- Radial, with exarch xylem
- Conjoint, collateral and closed
- Concentric, with phloem surrounding the xylem
Show answer
Answer: (1) Conjoint, collateral and open
Dicot stem bundles are conjoint, collateral and open (cambium present between xylem and phloem) and are arranged in a ring. Monocot stem bundles are closed and scattered; roots have radial bundles.
Q3. In a dorsiventral (dicot) leaf,
- the lower (abaxial) epidermis generally bears more stomata than the upper (adaxial) epidermis
- stomata are equally distributed on both surfaces
- stomata are found only on the upper surface
- there is no cuticle
Show answer
Answer: (1) the lower (abaxial) epidermis generally bears more stomata than the upper (adaxial) epidermis
The abaxial epidermis generally bears more stomata than the adaxial epidermis, which may even lack stomata. The leaf has a conspicuous cuticle.
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